The election of a new Pope is one of the most sacred and closely watched events in the world. Known for its ancient rituals, secrecy, and powerful symbolism, the process — called a Conclave — has fascinated believers and non-believers alike for centuries.
But how does it really happen?
Let’s take a closer look at the step-by-step journey of how a new Pope is chosen to lead over 1.3 billion Catholics around the world.
🧓 Step 1: The Papal Seat Becomes Vacant
The process of electing a new Pope begins when the papacy becomes vacant — either due to the Pope’s death or resignation (as happened with Pope Benedict XVI in 2013).
From that moment, the Apostolic See enters a period called “Sede Vacante” (Latin for “the seat being vacant”).
During this time:
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The Cardinal Camerlengo takes temporary charge of Church matters.
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Preparations begin for the Conclave, the formal election gathering.
🕊️ Step 2: Who Can Be Elected?
Technically, any baptized male Catholic can become Pope — but in reality, only cardinals are considered.
Specifically:
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Only cardinals under the age of 80 are eligible to vote.
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This voting group is called the College of Cardinals.
There are usually around 120 eligible voting cardinals from all over the world.
🔐 Step 3: The Conclave Begins — Locked in Prayer and Secrecy
The election takes place in the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City.
“Conclave” comes from the Latin “cum clave”, meaning “with a key” — and that’s exactly how it happens. The cardinals are locked inside until a new Pope is chosen. They are completely cut off from the outside world — no phones, no media, no contact.
This ensures:
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Absolute secrecy
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Focus on spiritual guidance
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Protection from outside influence
🗳️ Step 4: The Voting Process
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Voting is done in secret ballots.
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Each cardinal writes a name on a slip of paper and places it on a special altar.
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A vote is held up to four times a day — two in the morning, two in the afternoon.
To be elected Pope, a candidate must receive a two-thirds majority.
After each round:
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The ballots are burned in a special stove.
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Chemicals are added to produce black smoke (no Pope) or white smoke (a Pope has been elected).
🤍 Step 5: White Smoke and a New Pope
When a cardinal finally receives the necessary votes, white smoke rises from the Sistine Chapel chimney — a signal to the world: “Habemus Papam” — “We have a Pope!”
The new Pope is then asked:
“Do you accept your election?”
If he says yes, he chooses a papal name (like John Paul, Benedict, Francis) and is dressed in the traditional white robes. Soon after, he steps out onto the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica to greet the world for the first time.
🕊️ Step 6: The First Blessing
The newly elected Pope gives his first public blessing: “Urbi et Orbi” — “To the City [of Rome] and to the World.”
This moment is powerful, emotional, and filled with global significance — a symbol of unity, renewal, and faith.
✨ Final Thoughts
The election of a Pope is not just a political process — it’s a spiritual journey. Rooted in tradition, guided by prayer, and filled with centuries of symbolism, the Conclave reflects the deep reverence the Catholic Church has for choosing its spiritual leader.
It’s a reminder that, even in a modern world, ancient rituals still hold meaning — and the role of the Pope remains one of the most influential in the world today.